Tag: transphobia

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An Explanation of TERF Ideology

By Jeremiah Ancheta

Introduction

The term TERF, or Trans-Exclusionary Radical Feminist, has become more known in recent years as the fight for (and unfortunately, the fight against) trans rights continues. But what exactly is the deal with TERFs and what relevance do they have with trans people?

This post will give an explanation of TERF ideology and why it is harmful towards transgender people.

Feminism and Radical Feminism

First, what is feminism? I like the simple definition given by bell hooks that encompasses various strands of feminism throughout history – “Feminism is a movement to end sexism, sexist exploitation, and oppression.” Radical feminism can be described as a strand of feminism which seeks to eliminate the patriarchy with a re-ordering and re-structuration of society. 

Feminists and radical feminists point out the existence of the patriarchy, which can be roughly described as a social system in place that advantages men and disadvantages women in various social aspects of their lives. Such social aspects include one’s social standing, access to material resources, how they are affected in the political sphere, etc. The advantages that men have in society in virtue of being men is what makes them privileged, in contrast with women who are oppressed due to the disadvantages they have in virtue of being women.

Trans-Exclusionary Radical Feminism

Trans-Exclusionary Radical Feminism, or TERF, can be described as believing in these two points:

  1. Following feminism in seeking to end oppression towards women
  2. Gender is identical to sex and is thus a biological phenomenon

As explained in a previous post by Cloud Dancers, those who believe that gender is a biological phenomenon believe that whether a person is a man/woman is based on biological features, typically one’s sex chromosome make-up and their sex organs. For such people, what it is to be a woman is to be a person with XX sex chromosomes and a vagina. This is also how one’s gender is assigned at birth.

Those who believe that gender is a strictly biological phenomenon typically deny the existence and identity of transgender people – people whose gender does not align with one’s sex assigned at birth. 

So for TERFs, trans-women do not count as women. As such, they are excluded from being considered oppressed as women in following their project of feminism. 

Furthermore, it is seemingly the case that those associated with the term TERF also vehemently criticize trans activism. For instance, J.K. Rowling and Dave Chappelle are two such notable individuals and have criticized trans activism and trans people within their fields of work. For more on this, see Cloud Dancer’s posts on Rowling and Chappelle. 

As seen through the actions and reception towards Rowling and Chappelle, those associated with TERFs see much support due to their public endorsement of feminist ideals, yet their ideology continues to hurt trans people by denying their existence and identity or painting their activism in a negative light.

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Missouri’s Restrictions on Gender-Affirming Care

By Jeremiah Ancheta

On April 13, 2023, an emergency rule from Missouri Attorney General Andrew Bailey was introduced that restricts gender-affirming care for transgender people in the state. According to an article by AP News, the ruling “will impose numerous restrictions on both adults and children before they can receive puberty blocking drugs, hormones or surgeries ‘for the purpose of transitioning gender.’” It goes into effect on April 27 and expires in February 2024.

Such restrictions include:

  • Transgender patients must have undergone at least 15 hour-long sessions in therapy over a course of at least 18 months prior to seeking gender-affirming care
  • Patients must be screened for autism and “social-media addiction,” 
  • Patients with psychiatric symptoms due to mental health issues, such as depression and anxiety, must first be treated and resolved

As we can see, Missouri has made it nearly impossible for transgender people to attain gender-affirming care. As noted in previous posts from Cloud Dancers, transgender people often go through various mental health struggles due to the discrimination and stigma they face. 

In fact, according to the Columbia University Department of Psychiatry, “research demonstrates that gender-affirming care… greatly improves the mental health and overall well-being of gender diverse, transgender, and non-binary children and adolescents.” Furthermore, a 2021 study in the Journal of Adolescent Health involving 11,000 gender-diverse youth found that access to such care reduced depression and suicidality.

Additionally, the ruling is harmful in an intersectional manner as it denies access to gender-affirming care to autistic transgender people. In other words, the ruling is harmful towards transgender people, autistic people, and autistic transgender people.

Unfortunately, Missouri isn’t the only state to see bans on gender-affirming care. Other states such as Alabama and Florida have had similar rulings implemented.

Not too long ago, “[Texas] Gov. Greg Abbott told state health agencies… that medical treatments provided to transgender adolescents, widely considered to be the standard of care in medicine, should be classified as ‘child abuse’ under existing state law” according to a 2022 article by the New York Times.

Many organizations are already looking to challenge this ruling. For instance, the ACLU and Lambda Legal said in a joint statement that they would “take any necessary legal action” and urged those affected to call, according to another article by AP News.

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Allyship Amongst Elites

Image sourced from ELLE

In January of this year, Taylor Swift released the music video for her chart-topping song Lavender Haze, which included transgender model Laith Ashley playing Swift’s love interest through the ‘hazy,’ cloudy, purple realm of the video. If you didn’t know Ashley to begin with, you likely would have never noticed; and yet the decision to include a transgender model — even if not the focal point of the video — is still a powerful political and social decision.

In one of our previous articles, I briefly broke down how transgender lives easily become a market scheme for elites to build platforms. These stories, more often than not, are focused on the suffering of transgender people: the exclusion one might face, the familial and platonic distancing, the unemployment, et cetera. But that is not the focus of Ashley’s inclusion in the Lavender Haze music video, and nor is in the point of various pieces of media where transgender people are represented and included but not made out to be the epitome of suffering. Transgender people can be who they are: they can have girlfriends, and go to parties, and do not have to exist in expulsion.

Transgender people can be who they are: they can have girlfriends, and go to parties, and do not have to exist in expulsion.

In the Lavender Haze music video, released in January, model Laith Ashley played the romantic lead opposed to Taylor Swift.

Swift is not the only artist who has been so directly involved in transgender inclusion and the fight for LGBTQ rights, but she is also one of the most prevalent in today’s view — Swift, who has maintained one of the top artists of 2023 and dominated the Top Music Billboard in the end of 2022, has a “fandom” (that is, a group of fans) of people who are openly queer, one of which she is an active ally for.

Other artists who do the same? The list is long and includes other notable figures like Beyonce, for example, who has proven herself to be a queer and trans ally time and time again. Certainly the list of artists who claim to be allies is even longer. Notable change, however, comes from movement — it comes from representation and action; action by these notable elites who can, and should, fight for true change above all else. And an example of that? Bad Bunny.

Like Swift, Bad Bunny maintained his legacy as an artist with the most-streamed album of 2022, Un Verano Sin Ti, but has for even longer been an ally to the transgender community. In 2020, Bad Bunny paid tribute to Alexa Negrón Luciano, a transgender woman who was murdered in Puerto Rico, when he wore to his performance on The Tonight Show a black skirt and a t-shirt stating: Mataron a Alexa, no a un hombre con falda.

They killed Alexa, not a man in a skirt.

Image taken from Billboard

It takes open, honest allyship — openness to hiring transgender actors and models, openness to advocate, openness to fight — to make real change against all odds. We, as individuals, only hold so much power over the media, politics, and policing, but the artists, musicians, actors, and elites that we look up to can do so much more; and should.

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Explaining J.K. Rowling’s Transphobia

By Jeremiah Ancheta

J.K. Rowling, the author of the Harry Potter series, has made several transphobic remarks in the last couple of years. Despite the criticism she has received from trans people and activists, Rowling continues to make such comments and doubles down on them in the face of trans people. Unfortunately, it seems that most in the public sphere are in support of Rowling, characterizing the attacks towards her as unjustified and simply due to “cancel culture.”

The public debate has re-emerged in popularity with the recent release of the popular video game Hogwarts Legacy which is based on Rowling’s Harry Potter novels.

This post will give a comprehensive explanation of why J.K Rowling is transphobic. 

Rowling’s Support for Maya Forstater

In 2019, Maya Forstater, a researcher who worked for the Center for Global Development, “lost her job at a thinktank after tweeting that transgender women cannot change their biological sex” according to a piece by The Guardian.

Forstater has a history of transphobic comments on Twitter. She has previously tweeted “… male people are not women. I dont think being a woman/female is a matter of identity or womanly feelings. It is biology.” Additionally, she has misgendered Pips Bunce, a non-binary and gender fluid person who was listed on the Top 100 Female Executives in 2018 by HERoes, having tweeted “he is a man who likes to express himself part of the week by wearing a dress.”

In response to Forstater’s losing her job, Rowling sent out a tweet in December 2019 that said: 

Dress however you please. Call yourself whatever you like. Sleep with any consenting adult who’ll have you. Live your best life in peace and security. But force women out of their jobs for stating that sex is real? 

#IStandWithMaya #ThisIsNotADrill

Obviously, Forstater said more than “sex is real.” She has denied the existence and identity of trans people. By standing with Maya Forstater, it is clear that Rowling is defending Forstater’s transphobic comments and is in agreement with them. 

Rowling’s Problematic Conception of a Woman

A June 2020 tweet by Rowling revealed her conception of a woman – a person who menstruates. While this has the strange entailment of excluding some cis-women from being considered women due to a hysterectomy or menopause (people that I’m sure Rowling herself would consider as being women), it also excludes trans-women from being considered women and counts trans-men who menstruate as being women.

Rowling’s Transphobic Essay

In response to the criticism that she has received, Rowling published an essay on her website discussing her views on trans issues and problems she has with trans activism. Despite Rowling’s attempt to justify her comments and stances on trans issues, Rowling only revealed more of her transphobia.

Magdalen Berns

Rowling talks about the criticism she received after following Magdalen Berns, who unfortunately passed away years ago from an aggressive brain tumor.

Months later, I compounded my accidental ‘like’ crime by following Magdalen Berns on Twitter. Magdalen was an immensely brave young feminist and lesbian who was dying of an aggressive brain tumour. I followed her because I wanted to contact her directly, which I succeeded in doing. However, as Magdalen was a great believer in the importance of biological sex, and didn’t believe lesbians should be called bigots for not dating trans women with penises, dots were joined in the heads of twitter trans activists, and the level of social media abuse increased.

Here, Rowling seems to characterize the criticism she has received as unjustified  by painting Berns as an unproblematic individual fighting for feminism. Just as she did with Forstater, Rowling characterizes Berns as merely making claims about biological sex. However, what Rowling failed to mention was the more blatant transphobic remarks made by Berns, which is the actual reason why such criticism was made in the first place by trans people and activists. 

For instance, Berns has denied trans women their identity and existence, saying that “trans women are male” in a YouTube video of hers. Furthermore, she has previously likened trans women to “blackface actors,” calling them men who pretend to be women for perverted reasons. This was reported by The Guardian and an image of the original tweet can be found here. 

Rowling’s Vilification of Trans Activism

In the second half of her essay, Rowling gives her reasons for being worried about trans activism. 

First, she says that:

It’s been clear to me for a while that the new trans activism is… pushing to erode the legal definition of sex and replace it with gender.

This definitely isn’t happening and it’s hard to believe Rowling when she doesn’t give examples of any organized activist efforts to replace the legal definition of sex with gender.

Second, she says:

I’m an ex-teacher and the founder of a children’s charity, which gives me an interest in both education and safeguarding. Like many others, I have deep concerns about the effect the trans rights movement is having on both.

Again, Rowling doesn’t give any substantial examples of the effects that trans activism has on education and safeguarding.

In her third reason, she simply says:

As a much-banned author, I’m interested in freedom of speech and have publicly defended it, even unto Donald Trump.

Rowling seems to be saying that trans activism is a threat to freedom of speech, perhaps due to the criticism she has received for her remarks. As Rowling doesn’t give an explanation of how trans activism threatens freedom of speech, there isn’t much to respond to.

Given all this, we see that Rowling is vilifying the trans movement, stating that it is a threat to the legal definition of sex, education and safeguarding, freedom of speech. Despite these concerns, Rowling doesn’t give any evidence or explanation of how the trans movement threatens all these things.

Perpetuating Predator Myths

In December 2021, Scottish police stated that they will “record rapes as being committed by a woman if a male attacker simply identifies as a female” according to a piece by The Scottish Sun. Rowling responded to this by tweeting:

War is Peace. 

Freedom is Slavery. 

Ignorance is Strength. 

The Penised Individual Who Raped You Is a Woman.

To be clear, the first three lines come from George Orwell’s 1984 and are meant to convey contradictions present in the fictional world of the book. By saying “the penised individual who raped you is a woman,” Rowling conveys that this message is a contradiction and that in fact a person who identifies as a woman and has a penis is a man. 

Not only is Rowling, again, denying the identity of trans people; she is perpetuating the myth that trans people, particularly women with male genitalia, are sexual predators and only identify as women in order to find opportunities to commit sexual assault towards other women. Proponents of this claim typically believe that such sexual assaults would occur if we allow trans people to use public restrooms that correspond with their gender.

Despite this popular myth, there is absolutely no evidence to back it up. In fact, a 2019 study in the Sexuality Research and Social Policy journal found that the enactment of laws permitting trans people to use public restrooms that correspond with their gender “is not related to the number of frequency or criminal incidents in these spaces. Additionally, the study finds that reports of privacy and safety violations in public restrooms, locker rooms, and changing rooms are exceedingly rare.”

Final Words

As we have seen, Rowling has made various transphobic remarks the last couple of years – showing support for other transphobes, vilifying trans activism, and perpetuating trans predator myths. 

Much of her justification of her stances involve obfuscation or lack of context that make it seem like the criticism towards her as unjustified, For instance, she characterizes Maya Forstater and Magdalen Berns is simply being believers in biological sex, leaving out the fact that they have made blatant transphobic remarks. In failing to mention these latter facts, people learning about the controversy through her own words do not get the whole picture. Rather, they get an embellished one that paints Rowling as a “victim” of trans activism.

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The Importance of Transgender Storytelling

By Jeremiah Ancheta

One of the key focus areas of the Cloud Dancers Foundation is documenting transgender stories. We have previously documented the stories of trans seniors such as Petra Wenham and Maeve DuVally who have shared their journeys in becoming their true selves and the hardships they faced along the way. But why is it so important to document the stories of trans people?

Feminist Standpoints and Situated Knowledge

Storytelling is important because it allows people to listen to and better understand the realities of marginalized individuals. These stories consist of the personal experiences of marginalized people, experiences that non-marginalized people never had. As such, people who don’t identify with certain marginalized groups have a harder time identifying and understanding the issues that these groups face. Such theses are discussed within feminist social philosophy, mostly in the idea of standpoint theory.

From the Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, two relevant claims of feminist standpoint theory are “(1) Knowledge is socially situated. (2) Marginalized groups are socially situated in ways that make it more possible for them to be aware of things and ask questions than it is for the non-marginalized.” 

The idea is that insofar as the situations and experiences of marginalized groups are different from that of non-marginalized groups, they will come to have different understandings and interpretations of their social situations. As Sandra Harding, one of the seminal authors on standpoint theory, puts it, “knowledge is supposed to be based on experiences, and so different experiences should enable different perceptions of ourselves and our environments.”

One important aspect of this concerns matters of discrimination and oppression. Oppression is typically taken to involve two parties – the oppressed and the oppressors. Given the nature of oppression, the social situation of the two groups is radically different. While one experiences privilege and advantages along some social dimension (e.g. economic, material, etc.), the other experiences discrimination and disadvantages along those same dimensions. As such, the oppressed group who experience systematic disadvantages are in a better position to understand their plights than the non-oppressed group, who do not experience disadvantages and thus are not usually conscious of the issues that marginalized groups face.

It’s important to clarify that belonging to one marginalized group doesn’t mean you better understand the plights of other marginalized groups. For instance, being a cisgender black woman doesn’t mean you better understand the experiences of trans people than trans people themselves. To draw back on the main thesis of standpoint theory, this is because cisgender black women have never experienced what it is like to be trans. 

This is a point made in a previous Cloud Dancers blog post concerning Dave Chappelle’s comments on the transgender community. As a non-trans individual, Chappelle has never experienced what it is like to be transgender and thus has never experienced transphobia. Despite this, Chappelle makes claims that imply he understands transphobia better than trans people themselves. However, his claims are uninformed by the actual realities of trans people and what they are saying. 

Storytelling – Critical Race Theory

These sentiments are also echoed in the works of critical race theorists. One of the basic tenets of Critical Race Theory is what Richard Delgado and Jean Stefancic call the voice-of-color thesis. Due to the different experiences that individuals from marginalized groups have, especially with respect to discrimination and oppression, they are able to communicate matters that non-marginalized individuals are unlikely to know. Within the context of race, it is difficult for America’s dominant racial group to understand what being non-white is like.

With this in mind, critical race scholars promote the practice of storytelling – for black and brown people to describe their personal experiences. The goal of storytelling is to describe the realities of marginalized individuals, realities that involve experiencing discrimination and systematic disadvantages, realities that non black and brown people will likely have a harder time understanding.

Transgender Storytelling

Similarly, Cloud Dancers looks to document the stories of transgender people, to cover their journeys and hardships in order for non-trans people to better identify and understand the issues that they face. From the activism within feminism, which brings attention to the realities of women, and critical race theory, which brings attention to the realities of non-white people, a similar practice can be made with respect to transgender storytelling, which brings attention to the realities of transgender people.

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Distrusting the Media: Violence and Abuse Towards Transgender POC

Sourced from https://www.statepress.com/multimedia/c78729ec-7257-4842-8a1d-288a51461add


On September 7th, 2022, the New York Times posted an article titled The Safe Space That Became a Viral Nightmare; a name that doesn’t truly do the story justice. Immediately I noticed the irony in the entire situation — the violence and abuse that students of color, especially Tekola, a non-binary Black person, faced, including undeserved punishment from their university, when compared to their white peers, with whom it seemed an entire nation stood behind.

…the violence and abuse that students of color, especially Tekola, a non-binary Black person, faced…

“Black transgender and gender non-conforming people face some of the highest levels of discrimination of all transgender people,” according to Injustice at Every Turn, a sub-research article based from the National Transgender Discrimination Survey

For a brief refresh on the story: Arizona State University, a system with over 70,000 students (and over 130,000 students between all campuses and programs), with the push of minority students, established a multicultural area they called the “Multicultural Communities of Excellence space.” This multicultural space was meant to serve as a place on campus for students of color and other minorities (whether that be ethnic, queer, etc) to feel comfortable and centered when typically they would not be. The space was large, with full glass windows and a sign indicating its status (although the article notes that the signs might not be very effective or noticeable).

On September 23rd, 2021, Araya, a Black student, was hosting a Black Graduate Student Association study session in the multicultural center when two white men entered the space. Araya shared with the New York Times that she felt as if the men were mocking her: laughing, turning their stickers towards her (one which proudly stated “Police Lives Matter” in comparison to a sticker on Araya’s laptop, “Black Lives Matter”), nodding towards her, and etc.

Araya, being alone at this point, snapped a photo of the men and sent it to Tekola, aforementioned, and Qureshi, a Pakistani-American woman. At the time, Tekola and Qureshi were attending a meeting with school officials regarding maintaining the space. Tekola shared the message with the officials, who offered to send a “Situational Response Team.” By the time Tekola and Qureshi reached the Multicultural Communities space, however, no such team had arrived. After a bit of discussion, Qureshi volunteered to talk to the two men.

By the time Tekola and Qureshi reached the Multicultural Communities space, however, no such team had arrived.

The New York Times article seems to focus especially on Chase Beckerman, one of the two men, while not discussing Garett Niles, who had been the one to truly engage with Qureshi and Tekola. Perhaps that is because Beckerman was willing to chat with the Times; regardless, the article paints Beckerman as an unwilling bystander, confused about the situation at hand and meaning no harm while Tekola, who had been the primary voice in the video, “harassed” him and his friend. This ignores three important facts:

1. The space was clearly, regardless of the writer’s opinion, indicated as a multicultural center; Tekola had been one of the founding members of the center, which had faced multiple setbacks due to controversy and abuse from Arizona State University. If these two white men were laughing at, pointing towards, and etc, Araya, then they were clearly in knowledge of this fact and continued into the space anyways.

2. The interaction came at a university where abusive and racist groups and people have been allowed to coexist and spread hate; as stated in the article:

Members also pointed out moments of racism and harassment at the university: a religious-right activist protesting while wearing a T-shirt that read “Muslims Will Rape You;” anti-immigrant and neo-Nazi fliers plastered around campus; a student group called College Republicans United whose members were caught sharing racist, homophobic and antisemitic messages online. (That group, still an official student organization, last year tweeted a Thanksgiving meme referring to Native Americans as ‘undocumented immigrants’ who ‘refuse to learn local language’ and ‘still get food assistance.’)

Tekola’s response to the appearance of two White men who seemed to be harassing their friend in a multicultural space, especially following so much prior hate, was not uncalled for.

3. Tekola’s position as a Black transgender student allowed them many more vulnerable identites to be attacked than Niles (who compared his experience being confronted by Tekola to “Black people during the ‘times of racism'”) or Beckerman.

The article claims repeatedly that Beckerman feared for his future as a doctor, including his ability to enter and remain in medical school with such an event as this attached to his name. Beckerman’s fears, which have not come to fruition, are incomparable next to what Tekola has experienced: murder threats, rape threats, verbal and physical harassment, fatphobic comments, and extreme racism to the point of being sent photographs of murdered Black people. Tekola and Qureshi both faced physical harassment from multiple groups, even being offered a police escort, which they rejected in reference to a former police officer’s website, which had posted threatening and derogatory statements about them both. Meanwhile, Beckerman continued his, while now more publicized, life working at a hospital. While Tekola faced threats of being removed from their university, both Niles and Beckerman studied and continued life as they had prior to the video.

Just one Google search of “ASU Tekola” returns handfuls of results with titles skewering the situation in racist and transphobic ways: painting Tekola and their friends as “woke ASU students” or “Black Students punished for attacking White Students…” The articles more often than not misgender them, belittle them, and spread rapid misinformation; it seems that few notice the extreme power imbalance in the situation itself, or even the situation’s reality. One article, A Look at the Impact of ASU Multicultural Spaces on Students, shares one of the few views supporting Tekola and their friends through interviews with other ASU students. Wendy Ruiz, a Latina ASU student, said:

“I felt very uncomfortable just because on Instagram, the two girls were shown in the wrong and the two men were the victim. I definitely disagree because these two white men purposefully came into a multicultural space and purposefully put their propaganda that makes students of color uncomfortable because of the issues they face in real life.”

Wendy Ruiz, a student at ASU, shared her belief that Tekola and their friends were improperly targeted in media during an interview with AZ Big Media.

When it comes to situations involving people of color, especially transgender people of color, it is important to take into consideration the power imbalances, inherent racism, and evident transphobia in articles and in media. It is important to take publicized information with a grain of salt, and even more important to do your own research with the knowledge of these inherent truths in mind.

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Transphobia in Dave Chappelle’s “The Closer”

By Jeremiah Ancheta

On October 5, 2021, Netflix released “The Closer,” a comedy special performed by Dave Chappelle. Throughout the entirety of the special, Chappelle makes comments about and towards women and the LGBTQ+ community. These comments have been met with criticism for being misogynistic, homophobic, and transphobic.

This post will be the first of a two-part series about “The Closer.” Although Chappelle’s remarks throughout the film are misogynistic, homophobic, and transphobic, this first piece will focus on the latter remarks and explain why his ‘jokes’ are transphobic. The second piece will talk about the communicative harm that the special has on the transgender community.

Team TERF

Around the 52:00 mark of the special, Chappelle mentions J.K. Rowling’s comments about transgender women and that she was called a TERF (Trans-Exclusionary Radical Feminist) in response. 

Chappelle then says he looked up what a TERF was, saying what it was an acronym for, and proceeds to explain their ideology. In doing so, he claims that TERFS “look at transgender women the way we [Black people] might look at Black face,” that TERFS believe that transgender women are “doing an impression” of women. 

Black face is a racist practice going as far back as the 18th century in American theatrical performances to ridicule black people. The practice involved white theatrical performers painting their face in black and speaking in an exaggerated African American vernacular, painting a caricature of African American appearance and behavior. In making an analogy between Black face and transgender women, TERFs are claiming that transgender women are a caricature and mockery of women.

After giving this explanation of what a TERF is, Chappelle ultimately claims that he is “Team TERF.” In other words, Chappelle agrees with TERFS that trans women aren’t ‘real’ women and that trans women are ridiculing women just in virtue of being trans women.

What it is to be a Woman

Just before the 54:00 mark, Chappelle claims that “gender is a fact.” On its own, it isn’t clear what is exactly meant when Chappelle says this. However, he clarifies what he means by proceeding to talk about a woman’s capacity to give birth and have periods, as well as their genitalia.

Chappelle brings up the fact that Caitlyn Jenner, a transgender woman, won the Glamour Woman of the Year Award in 2015. Immediately after, he sarcastically remarks “ain’t that something” and says “[she] never even had a period.” Furthermore, he says “I’d be mad as sh*t if I was a woman.” In making such comments, Chappelle expresses his surprise and disapproval that a person who has never had a period can win a Woman of the Year award.

Around the 55:00 mark, Chappelle reasserts that “gender is a fact” and immediately starts talking about the capacity for women to give birth. He says “Every human being… had to pass through the legs of a woman… that is a fact.” Chappelle then ties this point about birth to the genitals of women.

Chappelle begins talking about the genitalia of transgender women. He says, “I’m not saying [a transgender woman’s genitals] is not pussy, but that’s like Beyond Pussy or Impossible Pussy… It tastes like pussy but that’s not quite what it is, is it?”

Chappelle’s joke of calling a transgender woman’s genitals as “Beyond Pussy” and “Impossible Pussy” is a reference to Beyond Meat and Impossible Meat, plant-based alternatives that look and taste similar to meat. Such plant-based food is often called imitation meat or fake meat. In making the joke, Chappelle is claiming that transgender women who went through vaginoplasty or vulvoplasty have “fake” genitals or “imitation” genitals.

All these remarks reveal that Chappelle believes that what it is to be a woman necessarily involves the capacity to give birth, have periods, and have genitals of  a certain sort. However, these beliefs are absolutely false, as it goes against what various academic and professional fields have to say about gender. 

The World Health Organization does not define gender in the same way that Chappelle does. The Yale School of Medicine made the distinction between sex and gender, which is at odds with Chappelle’s beliefs. A vast amount of literature in academic philosophy points out problems with conceiving of gender the way Chappelle does (e.g. see the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy article “Feminist Perspectives on Sex and Gender”).

Chappelle’s Defense

Starting from the 56:00 mark of the special, Chappelle brings up a transgender woman he knew named Daphne Dorman. Chappelle describes Dorman as a transgender woman who was a big fan of his and found his transphobic jokes to be funny, the latter point being greatly emphasized. Unfortunately, Daphne Dorman died by suicide.

In emphasizing that Daphne, a transgender woman, found his jokes about transgender people to be funny, Chappelle is making the argument that his remarks about the transgender community aren’t transphobic because a transgender person approved of them.

However, it’s important to note that the transgender community is not a single monolith with a single opinion that is shared by all who are transgender. Rather, the trans community, much like other socially recognized groups, consist of various individuals with differing beliefs about what is appropriate and inappropriate. So Chappelle’s defense that he isn’t transphobic because a single trans woman found his transgender jokes funny is unwarranted.

Conclusion

The contents of “The Closer” consisted of Dave Chappelle’s transphobic beliefs and comments about and towards transgender people. His exclamation that he is a trans-exclusionary radical feminist (at least, what he takes them to be) is in itself transphobic, as he admits to essentially claiming that transgender women are not ‘real’ women. Chappelle’s comments have also consisted of false information about gender and womanhood, again excluding transgender women from genuinely having the latter.

Cloud Dancers does not condone Dave Chappelle’s comments about the transgender community, and hope that Chappelle and his fans eventually understand why “The Closer” is problematic. If you or someone you know has been personally harmed, either directly or indirectly, by the special, we note the Trans Lifeline below for anyone who needs it.

Trans Lifeline – US (877-565-8860); Canada (877-330-6366)